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ASTM D2240 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property---Durometer Hardness
Category:
Mechanical
ASTM D2240 Standard Description
ASTM D2240 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property---Durometer Hardness
ASTM D2240 Standard Introduction
Shore hardness testing is a standardized static test method for measuring rubber hardness using a durometer. ASTM D2240 is used to evaluate the hardness of rubber specimens through a series of durometer measurements. When the indenter applies a force to the specimen under specified conditions, the hardness value can be determined. The indentation hardness value is influenced by the elastic modulus and viscoelastic behavior of the specimen.
ASTM D2240 Scope of Application
ASTM D2240 applies to:
◎Thermoplastic elastomers
◎Vulcanized rubber
◎Elastomeric materials
ASTM D2240 Test Method
ASTM D2240 determines material hardness by creating an indentation on the material surface using a durometer indenter. The hardness value may be recorded at the initial contact of the indenter, after maintaining the indenter for a specified period, or using both methods. For small specimens that cannot be tested using conventional durometers, a micro durometer (Type M) may be used. The minimum applicable specimen thickness or cross-sectional diameter is 1.25 mm, with a test range of 20–90 hardness units. The test procedure is as follows:
Instrument Preparation: Before testing, avoid exposing the instrument to unfavorable environmental conditions. Adjust the presser foot to remain parallel with the support table. Recalibration is required whenever the specimen is changed or the support table is adjusted.
Specimen Placement: Place the specimen on the support table and adjust the vertical distance between the presser foot and the specimen contact surface to 25.4 mm. Ensure that the indenter contact point complies with the requirements and is not located near the specimen edge.
Indenter Loading: Operate the handle or motorized device to lower the indenter at a controlled speed until it contacts the specimen surface smoothly. Impact and tilting shall be avoided. For micro durometers (Type M), a test stand capable of controlling the lowering rate shall be used.
Hardness Reading: Record the hardness value within 1 second after the presser foot contacts the specimen. If a maximum indicator is used, record the maximum hardness value within 1 ± 0.1 seconds after the indenter stops moving. Note that hardness values may change over time.
Multiple Measurements: Perform at least five measurements at different locations on the specimen. The standard spacing is 6 mm for conventional durometers and 0.8 mm for micro durometers. The final result may be reported as the average or median value, and the calculation method shall be stated in the report.
ASTM D2240 Evaluation Criteria
Hardness values below 20 or above 90 have lower measurement reliability and are not recommended for reporting.
SATISFY has a professional technical team specializing in building material testing and provides testing services for building materials according to various international standards. Our services include technical consultation, standard interpretation, sample testing, report review and product improvement recommendations. For more information, please contact SATISFY.
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