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ISO 2039-1 Plastics - Determination of hardness (Ball indentation method)
Category:
Mechanical
ISO 2039-1 Standard Description
ISO 2039-1 Plastics - Determination of hardness - Part 1: Ball indentation method
ISO 2039-1 Standard Introduction
ISO 2039-1 specifies the method for determining the hardness of plastics and hard rubber using the ball indentation method. The principle of this method is to press a steel ball into the specimen under a specified load, measure the indentation depth, and convert it into a hardness value (HB). This method objectively reflects the resistance of materials to indentation deformation and provides a basis for material development, quality control and product acceptance, helping manufacturers ensure the strength, wear resistance and reliability of plastic products during service.
ISO 2039-1 Scope of Application
ISO 2039-1 is particularly applicable for evaluating the hardness of plastics, filled or modified plastics, and related plastic products.
ISO 2039-1 Test Method
ISO 2039-1 determines hardness by pressing a ball indenter into the surface of a specimen under a specified load. The indentation depth is measured under the applied load, and the indentation surface area is calculated based on the measured depth. The ball indentation hardness is then calculated using the specified formula. The test procedure is as follows:
Preloading: Apply an initial load of 9.8 N to press the indenter into the specimen and obtain the reference indentation depth h₀, which is used as the reference plane for subsequent measurements.
Main Loading: Apply the test force (49 N, 132 N, 358 N or 961 N) within the loading time specified by the standard and maintain it for 30 seconds. The indentation depth h should be within the range of 0.15–0.35 mm. If the value is below 0.15 mm or above 0.35 mm, the test force shall be adjusted.
Result Calculation: Calculate the indentation surface area based on the measured indentation depth, and determine the ball indentation hardness value (HB) using the formula: Ball Indentation Hardness = Applied Load / Indentation Surface Area The indentation point shall be at least 10 mm from the specimen edge, and the distance between individual indentations shall also be no less than 10 mm.
Data Reliability: Multiple indentations may be performed on the same specimen surface, and the average value shall be reported as the final result.
ISO 2039-1 Evaluation Criteria
According to ISO 2039-1, the hardness value consists of two parts:
(1) Numerical hardness value: Represents the measured hardness value.
(2) Symbol HB: Represents ball indentation hardness (H = Hardness, B = Ball indentation).
Example: 45 HB
"45" represents the hardness value.
"HB" represents ball indentation hardness.
Unit: N/mm².
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