Certification and Registration
GB/T 28004.1 Disposable Diapers — Part 1: Disposable Diapers for Babies
Category:
Hygiene Products
GB 28004.1 Standard Description
GB 28004.1 Disposable diapers — Part 1: Disposable diapers for baby
GB 28004.1 Standard Introduction
GB/T 28004.1-2021 is a national standard applicable to baby diapers and related products. It specifies requirements regarding key aspects such as physical performance, chemical safety and hygiene indicators of baby diapers. The standard ensures the safety and comfort of infants during use and provides a unified and authoritative basis for production management and quality control within the industry.
GB 28004.1 Scope of Application
GB 28004.1 applies to baby diapers (including taped diapers and pull-up diapers), baby diaper pads and baby underpads (care pads).
GB 28004.1 Technical Requirements
(1) Technical indicators for baby diapers, baby diaper pads and baby underpads (care pads)
|
Indicator |
Baby Diapers |
Baby Diaper Pads |
Baby Underpads (Care Pads) |
|
Weight deviation per piece (%) |
±10 |
±10 |
±10 |
|
Penetration performanceᵃ — Absorption speed (s) |
First time: ≤50Second time: ≤100 |
First time: ≤50Second time: ≤100 |
No leakage or overflow |
|
Penetration performanceᵃ — Rewet amount (g) |
≤15 |
≤15 |
No leakage or overflow |
|
Penetration performanceᵃ — Leakage amount (mg/kg) |
≤1.0 |
— |
No leakage or overflow |
|
Surface layer attachments (particles/piece) |
≤5 |
≤5 |
≤5 |
|
pH value |
4.0–7.5 |
4.0–7.5 |
4.0–7.5 |
|
Foreign matter 3.0mm²–5.0mm² (pieces/piece) |
≤2 |
≤2 |
≤2 |
|
Foreign matter >5.0mm² (pieces/piece) |
None allowed |
None allowed |
None allowed |
|
Leakage prevention performanceᵇ |
No leakage |
No leakage |
No leakage |
|
Moisture content at deliveryᶜ (%) |
≤10.0 |
≤10.0 |
≤10.0 |
|
a Penetration performance is not required for baby swim diapers, low birth weight baby diapers, or products labeled for toilet training or similar purposes. b Leakage prevention performance is not required for low birth weight baby diapers. c Moisture content at delivery is only applicable as a factory inspection and type inspection item. |
|||
(2) Safety indicators for baby diapers, baby diaper pads and baby underpads (care pads)
|
Indicator |
Requirement |
|
Heavy metal content — Lead (mg/kg) |
≤10 |
|
Heavy metal content — Arsenic (mg/kg) |
≤2 |
|
Heavy metal content — Cadmium (mg/kg) |
≤5 |
|
Heavy metal content — Mercury (mg/kg) |
≤1 |
|
Extractable fluorescent substances |
Not detected |
|
Acrylamide content (mg/kg) |
≤0.1 |
|
Formaldehyde content (mg/kg) |
≤6 |
|
Phthalate content (%) (DBP, BBP, DEHP) |
≤0.1 |
|
Decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes (mg/kg) |
≤20 (only applicable to printed or dyed products) |
Other Requirements:
◎ Hygiene indicators: Shall comply with the requirements of GB 15979.
◎ Size requirements: The applicable weight range and maximum applicable waist circumference of baby diapers shall comply with the requirements for baby diapers specified in GB/T 33280-2016.
◎ Appearance and Performance:
The product shall have a clean appearance without color fading. The leak-proof bottom film shall be intact and free from damage, and the sealing shall be firm.
Elastic bands shall be evenly bonded, and fastening tape positions shall comply with usage requirements.
GB 28004.1 Raw Material Requirements
Raw Material Standards:
◎ Fluff pulp (GB/T 21331)
◎ Super absorbent polymer (GB/T 22875)
◎ Dry-laid paper (GB/T 24292)
◎ Absorbent tissue paper (QB/T 4508)
Encouragement Measures:
Enterprises are encouraged to use biodegradable materials to produce related products. Baby diapers, baby diaper pads and baby underpads (care pads) made from biodegradable materials, as well as their raw materials, may be tested according to GB/T 39951.
Management Control:
Chemical and raw material management controls of manufacturers shall comply with GB/T 36420.
GB 28004.1 Test Method
Weight Deviation: The net weight of six pieces of the same specification shall be measured. Samples shall be taken from at least two minimum sales packages, with at least two pieces taken from each package. The average weight of the six pieces shall be calculated, and the weight deviation shall be determined.
Surface Layer Attachments: A 0.5% copper sulfate solution is sprayed onto the surface layer of the sample. The presence of blue particles is observed. The size of particles is determined by comparison with standard impurity images, and the number of particles is counted. The arithmetic average value of two samples is taken as the test result.
pH Value (GB 28004.1 Appendix B): One sample is selected. The bottom film is removed, and (1.0 ± 0.1) g of sample is cut from the middle section and placed into a beaker. Add 200 mL physiological saline and record the time. Stir evenly with a glass rod and allow to stand. Stir again after 10 minutes. Filter using a G1 glass sand funnel, then place the pH meter into the filtrate to measure the pH value.
Foreign Matter (GB 28004.1 Appendix C): The sample is fixed on the working surface of a lighting device. Foreign matter is inspected under transmitted light. The size of foreign matter is determined by comparison with standard impurity images. The average value of two sample results is taken as the test result.
Leakage Prevention Performance:
◎ Preparation: Two pull-up diaper samples (from different minimum sales packages) are selected. The waist elastic bands are cut open, and the samples are fixed onto a rectangular flat plate using clamps or hook-and-loop fasteners (the longitudinal direction of the sample shall be parallel to the long side of the plate).
◎ Test: The flat plate is tilted at 45°. The leak-proof barrier at the lower middle part of the diaper is opened. 10 mL physiological saline is added at a rate of 5 mL/s into the middle seam of the barrier (not directly onto the absorbent layer, and the liquid shall be applied vertically to the diaper surface). Leakage is observed. After testing one side, the flat plate is reversed and the other side is tested.
◎ Evaluation: If liquid flows out from either side of the leak-proof barrier of either sample, the product is judged as leaking. If leakage occurs in only one sample, two additional samples shall be tested. If no leakage occurs in both retests, the product is judged as having no leakage; otherwise, it is judged as leakage.
Moisture Content at Delivery (GB/T 462): Two packages of samples are selected. One sample is taken from each package. The side elastic bands are cut open, and 2 g of test material is taken from the middle section of each sample, cut into pieces and mixed evenly. Two parallel tests are conducted, and the absolute difference between the two measured values shall not exceed 1.0%.
Other Indicators:
◎ Heavy metal content: Determined according to the microwave digestion method in Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics.
◎ Extractable fluorescent substances: GB 28004.1 Appendix D.
◎ Acrylamide content: GB/T 37859.
◎ Formaldehyde content: Determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography method according to GB/T 34448.
◎ Phthalate content: GB/T 37860.
◎ Decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes: First tested according to GB/T 17592. If aniline and/or 1,4-phenylenediamine are detected, further testing shall be conducted according to GB/T 23344.
SATISFY specializes in testing and certification services for disposable hygiene products, including sanitary napkins, diapers, adult diapers, baby diapers, wet wipes and disinfectant wipes. With regulatory testing capabilities covering major global markets including China, the European Union, the United States, Australia/New Zealand and Japan, SATISFY is equipped with internationally recognized laboratories and experienced technical teams. We provide customized safety, environmental and quality assurance certification solutions throughout the entire process, supporting your product’s global market expansion with accurate compliance and certification services.
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