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IEC 61034 & GB/T 17651 Determination of Smoke Density of Cables or Optical Fibers Under Specific Combustion Conditions
Category:
Electrical Wires
IEC 61034 & GB/T 17651 Standard Description
IEC 61034-1 Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions - Part 1: Test apparatus
IEC 61034-2 Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions - Part 2: Test procedure and requirements
GB/T 17651-1 Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions Part 1: Test apparatus
GB/T 17651-2 Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions Part 2: Test procedure and requirements
IEC 61034 & GB/T 17651 Standard Introduction
The IEC 61034 and GB/T 17651 standards are specifically designed to evaluate the smoke density generated by cables during combustion. Testing according to IEC 61034 and GB/T 17651 enables accurate measurement of smoke generation under fire conditions, providing support for the design and manufacture of safer cable products.
These standards help ensure that cables installed in buildings minimize smoke emissions during fires, improve evacuation efficiency, and protect human life.
Therefore, IEC 61034 and GB/T 17651 are important standards for building fire safety and serve as key references in the cable industry. IEC 61034-1 and GB/T 17651-1 specify the requirements for test apparatus used to determine the smoke density of cables and optical fibre cables, while IEC 61034-2 and GB/T 17651-2 specify the test methods, procedures, and requirements for smoke density measurement.
IEC 61034 & GB/T 17651 Scope of Application
Applicable to various electrical cables and optical fibre cables.
Introduction to the Test Apparatus and Requirements
A 27 m³ smoke density test chamber is used to measure the smoke generated by cables or optical fibre cables positioned horizontally under specified fire conditions. The apparatus consists of a cubic enclosure and a photometric measurement system.
The standard fire source consists of a 1 L mixture containing 1 ± 0.01 L of liquid prepared from ethanol (90 ± 1% concentration), methanol (4 ± 1% concentration), and distilled water (6 ± 1% concentration).
Requirements for the 27 m³ Smoke Density Test Chamber
- The internal dimensions of the chamber shall be 3000 mm × 3000 mm × 3000 mm, with a total volume of 27 m³.
- The chamber shall be equipped with a door and observation window to allow monitoring of the combustion process.
- The enclosure shall include multiple ventilation openings near the floor to maintain pressure balance between the inside and outside of the chamber.
- Transparent glass panels shall be installed on both side walls, with each panel equipped with a light source and light receiver.
- A pedestal fan shall be provided to ensure uniform smoke distribution inside the chamber.
- An exhaust fan shall be installed at the top of the chamber to remove smoke generated during testing.
- A combustion test bench and stainless steel alcohol tray shall be provided.
- A constant-current power supply control system shall be used to improve measurement stability.
IEC 61034 & GB/T 17651 Test method
- Before testing, the combustion chamber shall be maintained at a temperature of 25 ± 5 °C. The measurement position shall be located 1.5–2.0 m above the floor and 0.2 m from the wall.
- If necessary, a blank test may be conducted to preheat the combustion chamber.
- Place the specimen holder on the alcohol tray, activate the fan to ensure air circulation, and ignite the specified 1 ± 0.01 L standard flame source. After confirming that all personnel have left the chamber, immediately close the door.
- The test shall be considered complete when, after the ignition source is extinguished for 5 minutes, or after a total test duration of 40 minutes, the light transmittance no longer decreases.
- Record the minimum light transmittance It.
IEC 61034 & GB/T 17651 Basis for determination
- Calculate the absorption coefficient Am:
Note: Io represents the initial light transmittance.
- Calculate the standard absorption coefficient Ao:
Note: Ao shall fall within the following ranges: 4% toluene: 0.18–0.26, 10% toluene: 0.80–1.20.
SATISFY provides smoke density testing services for cables and optical fibre cables according to IEC 61034 and GB/T 17651. Our comprehensive fire testing services include expert consultation, standard interpretation, sample testing, report analysis, and product optimization, providing a one-stop testing solution. For more information, please contact SATISFY customer service.
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