Certification and Registration
Reliability Testing
Category:
Reliability
As durable products, building materials are exposed to external climatic and mechanical conditions during their service life while still being required to maintain normal functional performance. Reliability testing is conducted to ensure that products maintain functional reliability throughout their specified service life under all expected conditions, including use, transportation and storage environments.
Reliability testing methods typically include climatic aging tests, corrosion aging tests, mechanical performance tests and fatigue tests. After testing, visual inspection and functional evaluations are usually performed and compared with the original condition to verify the reliability of the materials.
A. Climate and Environmental Stability Test
a) Thermal and Humidity Aging Test
Building materials used outdoors may experience significant changes in mechanical properties due to factors such as geographical location, seasonal changes and day-night temperature variations. Temperature and humidity aging tests can evaluate the outdoor weather resistance of building materials and determine whether the materials are suitable for outdoor applications. For example, freeze-thaw resistance of stone: When decorative stone panels are used outdoors in cold regions, freeze-thaw resistance testing shall be performed. Generally, materials with higher water absorption tend to have lower freeze-thaw resistance. The freeze-thaw resistance of stone is also closely related to its mineral composition, particle size and structural uniformity. Materials with poor freeze-thaw resistance are not suitable for outdoor decorative applications.
Test Principle: The specimens are first immersed in water, then frozen in a chamber below -12°C for 6 hours, followed by thawing in water at room temperature for 6 hours. This freeze-thaw cycle is repeated for 14 or 56 cycles (depending on the requirements of different standards). The flexural strength or compressive strength of the specimens is measured before and after testing. For outdoor paving stones, the reduction in flexural strength or compressive strength after 56 freeze-thaw cycles is generally required to be no more than 20%. A smaller strength reduction indicates better freeze-thaw resistance.
Relevant test standards:
EN12371 Natural Stone Test Methods - Determination of Frost Resistance
GB/T 9966.1 Test Methods for Natural Facing Stones Part 1: Dry, Wet and After Freezing Test Methods for Compressive Strength
EN 14617-5 Agglomerated Stone - Test Methods - Part 5: Determination of Freeze and Thaw Resistance
Similarly, the freeze-thaw resistance of ceramic tiles depends on factors such as the degree of sintering, water absorption and porosity. Conventional ceramic tiles with normal firing processes may develop cracks, deformation or even breakage under extremely cold temperatures. This can affect the material quality, shorten its service life and cause surface peeling, resulting in potential safety hazards.
Test principle:
The specimens are first immersed in water, then frozen in a chamber below -5°C for 15 minutes, followed by immersion in water at 5°C for 15 minutes. This freeze-thaw cycle is repeated 100 times. After completion, the specimens are removed and inspected for any visible damage.
Relevant test standards:
ASTM C1026 Test Method for Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Freeze-Thaw Cycling
GB/T 3810.12 Test Methods of Ceramic Tiles - Part 12: Determination of Frost Resistance
EN ISO 10545-12 Test Methods of Ceramic Tiles - Part 12: Determination of Frost Resistance
BS 5075: Part 1: 1982 Concrete Admixtures - Part 1: Specification for Accelerating and Retarding Water-Reducing Admixtures
b). Light Aging Test
Light aging tests evaluate the ability of materials to withstand solar radiation, heat exposure and optical effects.
i.UV Aging Test
ASTM G154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
ASTM D4329 Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of Plastics
ASTM D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
GB/T 14522 Artificial Weathering Test Method for Plastics, Coatings and Rubber Materials Used for Mechanical Industry Products — Fluorescent Ultraviolet Lamps
AATCC 186 Weather Resistance: UV Light and Moisture Exposure
ISO 4892-3 Plastics - Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources - Part 3: Fluorescent UV Lamps
ASTM D1148 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration - Discoloration From Ultraviolet (UV) or UV/Visible Radiation And Heat Exposure Of Light-Colored Surfaces
ASTM D750 Practice for Rubber Deterioration Using Artificial Weathering Apparatus
ASTM D925 Test Methods for Rubber Property - Staining of Surfaces (Contact, Migration, And Diffusion)
ii Xenon Lamp Aging Test: The xenon lamp test chamber simulates the full spectrum of sunlight, including ultraviolet (UV), visible light and infrared (IR) radiation.
ISO 4892-2 PLASTICS - METHODS OF EXPOSURE TO LABORATORY LIGHT SOURCES - PART 2: XENON-ARC LAMPS
ISO 11341 Paints and Varnishes - Artificial Weathering and Exposure to Artificial Radiation - Exposure to Filtered Xenon-Arc Radiation
ISO 16474-2 PAINTS AND VARNISHES - METHODS OF EXPOSURE TO LABORATORY LIGHT SOURCES - PART 2: XENON-ARC LAMPS
GB/T 16422.2 Plastics — Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources — Part 2: Xenon-Arc Lamps
GB/T 16259 Test Method for Artificial Weathering of Building Materials
GB/T 1865 Paints and Varnishes — Artificial Weathering and Exposure to Artificial Radiation — Exposure to Filtered Xenon-Arc Radiation
ASTM D1148 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration - Discoloration from Ultraviolet (UV) or UV/Visible Radiation and Heat Exposure of Light-Colored Surfaces
ASTM D750 Practice for Rubber Deterioration Using Artificial Weathering Apparatus
ASTM D925 Test Methods for Rubber Property - Staining of Surfaces (Contact, Migration, And Diffusion)
ASTM G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
B. Salt Spray Test
ISO 9227 Corrosion Tests in Artificial Atmospheres - Salt Spray Tests
ASTM B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
GB/T 10125 Corrosion Tests in Artificial Atmospheres — Salt Spray Tests
BS EN 1670 Building Hardware - Corrosion Resistance - Requirements and Test Methods
C.Vibration and Impact Testing
Building materials that may experience vibration, impact or other external forces during actual use can be evaluated through simulated vibration and impact tests designed according to the actual installation conditions, loading directions and force levels of the materials.
BS 6206: 1981 Specification for impact performance requirements for flat safety glass and safety plastics for use in buildings
D.Mechanical Performance Testing
BS EN 12350-2: 2009 Testing fresh concrete - Slump-test
BS EN 12390-3: 2009 Testing hardened concrete - Compressive strength of test specimens
ANSI Z97.1 Safety glazing material used in buildings – Safety performance specifications and methods of test (Clause 5.1)
BS EN 179 Building hardware – Emergency exit devices operated by a lever handle or push pad, for use on escape routes
BS EN 1125 Building hardware - Panic exit devices operated by a horizontal bar, for use on escape routes
BS EN 1154 Building hardware – Controlled door closing devices
BS EN 1155 Building hardware – Electrically powered hold-open devices for swing doors
BS EN 1158 Building hardware – Door coordinator devices
BS EN 1303 Building hardware – Cylinders for locks
BS EN 1906 Building hardware - Lever handles and knob furniture
BS EN 1935 Building hardware – Single-axis hinges
BS EN 12051 Building hardware – Door and window bolts (Exclusion: 5.7.3)
BS EN 12209 Building hardware – Mechanically operated locks and locking plates
BS EN 12320 Building hardware – Padlocks and padlock fittings (Exclusion: 5.5.11)
BS EN 12600 Glass in building – Pendulum test – Impact test method and classification for flat glass
BS EN 14449 Glass in building – Laminated glass and laminated safety glass – Evaluation of conformity/product standard
BS EN 14846 Building hardware – Locks and latches – Electromechanically operated locks and striking plates (Exclusion: 6.10)
BS EN ISO 12543-2 Glass in building – Laminated glass and laminated safety glass – Part 2 Laminated safety glass (Clause 4, 5 and 6)
BS EN ISO 12543-3 Glass in building – Laminated glass and laminated safety glass – Part 3 Laminated glass (Clause 5 and 6)
BS EN ISO 12543-4 Glass in building – Laminated glass and laminated safety glass – Part 4 Test methods of durability (Exclusion: Method B in clause 7)
ISO 12543-2 Glass in building – Laminated glass and laminated safety glass – Part 2 Laminated safety glass (Clause 4, 5 and 6)
ISO 12543-3 Glass in building – Laminated glass and laminated safety glass – Part 3 Laminated glass (Clause 5 and 6)
ISO 12543-4 Glass in building – Laminated glass and laminated safety glass – Part 4 Test methods of durability (Exclusion: Method B in clause 7)
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